Clinical applications of capillaroscopy
Videocapillaroscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool which is gaining large credit among physicians of different specialities for the study of the skin capillary network.
Capillaroscopy is a widely used technique for the examination of patients suffering from rheumatic and cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders, metabolic diseases, some diseases of respiratory organs, inflammatory processes and trophic disturbances and pathologies of the skin and of the hypoderm.
Videocapillaroscopy is also a reliable tool in the diagnosis of angiopathies in patients suffering from pancreatic diabetes.
Nailfold videocapillaroscopy finds application in the fields of:
Rheumatology (autoimmune diseases, Raynaud's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, sclerodermia related pathologies, systemic lupus erythematosus).
Dermatology(naevi, dermatitis, dermatosis, psoriasis, skin cancer and amartomes, non healing wounds).
Vascular Surgery (varicose veins of lower extremities, arterial spiders, cellulitis, obliterating endarteritis, skin ulces).
Angiology and Flebology (ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, pneumatic hammer disease, skin ulcers).
Aesthetic medicine and surgery (skin check-up, “aging skin”, assessment of fat tissues vasularization, liposuction, collagene injection, cellulitis, monitoring of laser treatment effects, electrolipolysis, ultrasound, adipoclasy)
The possibility of detectiong early stages (symptomless) of vessel disorders by videocapillaroscopy opens up new possibilities for the prophylaxis of several diseases.
| Nailfold Capillaroscopy is used by some doctors. A drop of oil is put on the nailfolds and then looked at under a magnifying glass to see whether there are changes in the capillaries which are indicative of connective tissue disease. |
| Capillaroscopy. Capillaroscopy is the most reliable way to distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon through identification of an early pattern of systemic sclerosis. (PubMed) M. Cutolo. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Dec 2008. (Also see: Capillarscopy) |
| Scleroderma Skin Involvement: Fingernail, Nailfolds, and Cuticles. The systemic forms of scleroderma can cause the fingernails to become smaller, and cuticles to become hard or rough. But because there are so many possible causes of poor fingernail or cuticle condition, they are not part of the diagnostic criteria for any form of scleroderma. ISN. |
| The role of capillaroscopy in differentiation of primary and secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon in rheumatic diseases: a review of the literature and two case reports. In conclusion, capillaroscopy is of crucial importance for the differentiation of primary and secondary RP in rheumatic diseases, and also in differentiation between different forms of connective tissue diseases as well as for their early diagnosis. Sevdalina Nikolova Lambova. (SpringerLink) Rheumatology International. June 23, 2009. |
|
|
| Prince: Prognostic Index For Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination For Identifying Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) At High Risk Of Developing Into A Scleroderma Spectrum Disorder. Our prognostic capillaroscopic index identifies RP patients at high risk of developing scleroderma spectrum disorders. Our results suggest that this index could be used in clinical practice, and its further inclusion in prospective studies will undoubtedly help to explore its potential in predicting treatment response. F. Ingegnoli. SAT0421.EULAR 2008. |
| Scoring the nailfold microvascular changes during the capillaroscopic analysis in systemic sclerosis patients. The capillaroscopic score was found to be a sensitive tool to quantify and monitor the SSc microvascular damage. Furthermore, the microangiopathy evolution score might be used to survey the evolution of the microvascular damage, as the relative scores increase during the progression of the SSc. (PubMed) Sulli A. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jun;67(6):885-7. (Also see: Capillaroscopy) |
| Nail changes in connective tissue diseases: do nail changes provide clues for the diagnosis? Proximal nailfold is the most important site of affection in CTDs. These nail changes can be used in combination with highly sensitive diagnostic modalities to establish an accurate diagnosis. PubMed. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Apr;21(4):497-503. (Also see: Common Medical Tests and Fingernails) |
What Is Microcirculation?
Microcirculation deals with the circulation of blood from the heart to arterioles (small
arteries), to capillaries, to venules (small veins) and back to the heart. The liver, spleen
and bone marrow contain vessel structures called sinusoids instead of capillaries. In these
structures, blood flows from arterioles to sinusoids to venules. A vessel called a
thoroughfare channel allows blood to flow freely between an arteriole and a venule.
Capillaries extend from this channel and structures called precapillary sphincters control
the flow of blood between the arteriole and capillaries. Fluid exchange between the
capillaries and the body tissues takes place at the capillary bed.
The precapillary sphincters contain muscle fibers that allow them to contract. When the
sphincters are open, blood flows freely to the capillary bed where fluids, gasses,
nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the blood and body cells. When the sphincters
are closed, blood is not allowed to flow through the capillary bed and must flow directly
from the arteriole to the venule through the thoroughfare channel.
It is important to note that blood is supplied to all parts of the body at all times, but
all capillary beds do not contain blood at all times. Blood is diverted to the parts of the
body that need it most at a particular time. For instance, when you eat a meal blood is
diverted from other parts of your body to the digestive tract to aid in digestion and
nutrient absorption。
What is an artery?
An artery is an elastic blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart. There are
two main types of arteries: pulmonary arteries and systemic arteries.
Pulmonary arteries carry blood from the heart to the lungs where the blood picks up oxygen.
The oxygen rich blood is then returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. Systemic
arteries deliver blood to the rest of the body. The aorta is the main systemic artery and
the largest artery of the body. It originates from the heart and branches out into smaller
arteries which supply blood to the head region (brachiocephalic artery), the heart itself
(coronary arteries), and the lower regions of the body.
The smallest arteries are called arterioles and they play a vital role in microcirculation.
Microcirculation deals with the circulation of blood from arterioles to capillaries to
venules (the smallest veins). The liver, spleen and bone marrow contain vessel structures
called sinusoids instead of capillaries. In these structures blood flows from arterioles to
sinusoids to venules.
This article comes from:
http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/microcirculation.htm
ARTICLE TWO
Microcirculation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The microcirculation is a term used to describe the small vessels in the vasculature which
are embedded within organs and are responsible for the distribution of blood within tissues;
as opposed to larger vessels in the macrocirculation which transport blood to and from the
organs. The vessels on the arterial side of the microcirculation are called the arterioles,
which are well innervated, are surrounded by smooth muscle cells, and are 10-100 μm in
diameter. Arterioles carry the blood to the capillaries, which are not innervated, have no
smooth muscle, and are about 5-8 μm in diameter. Blood flows out of the capillaries into
the venules, which have little smooth muscle and are 10-200 μm. The blood flows from
venules into the veins. In addition to these blood vessels, the microcirculation also
includes lymphatic capillaries and collecting ducts. The main functions of the
microcirculation include the regulation of 1. blood flow and tissue perfusion 2. blood
pressure, 3. tissue fluid (swelling or edema), 4. delivery of oxygen and other nutrients and
removal of CO2 and other metabolic waste products, and 5. body temperature. The
microcirculation also has an important role in inflammation.
Most vessels of the microcirculation are lined by flattened cells, the endothelium and many
are surrounded by contractile cells the smooth muscle or pericytes. The endothelium provides
a smooth surface for the flow of blood and regulates the movement of water and dissolved
materials in the plasma between the blood and the tissues. The endothelium also produce
molecules that discourage the blood from clotting unless there is a leak. The smooth muscle
cells can contract and decrease the size of the arterioles and thereby regulate blood flow
and blood pressure.
Contents [hide]
1 Flow
2 Capillary Exchange of Water
3 Capillary Exchange of Solutes, e.g. glucose
4 See also
5 External links
This article comes from:
http://www.answers.com/topic/microcirculation
ARTICLE THREE
MICROCIRCULATION book
Cardiovascular Physiology; Physiology; Cellular Biology; Molecular Biology; Biochemistry
Contents
BLOOD FLOW IN MICROVASCULAR NETWORKS; ENDOTHELIAL CELL BIOLOGY; BIOLOGY OF NITRIC OXIDE
SYNTHASE; MICROCIRCULATORY EXCHANGE FUNCTION,REGULATORY MECHANISMS; LYMPHATICS; REGULATION
OF PERFUSION; NO-MEDIATED REGULATION; RECEPTOR MEDIATED EVENTs;CONDUCTED VASOMOTOR
RESPONSES; ANGIOGENESIS; VASCULOGENESIS; ARTERIOGENESIS AND VASCULAR REMODELING;
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX - CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; INFLAMMATION; LYMPHOCYTE TRAFFICKING;
MICROCIRCULATORY SPECIALIZATION IN INDIVIDUAL ORGANS; BRAIN; MYOCARDIUM; KIDNEY;
GASTROINTESTINAL/LIVER; LUNG; EYE; AGING ASOCIATED CHANGES; SICKLE CELL DISEASE;
HYPERTENSION; DIABETES
Bibliographic details
Hardbound, 1000 pages, publication date: SEP-2008
ISBN-13: 978-0-12-374530-9
Imprint: ACADEMIC PRESS
This article comes from:
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/715016/description#description
Audience
ARTICLE FOUR
Microcirculation Laboratory
Welcome from the "class" of 98. From Left to Right: Mark Pearson, Ph.D Post-doctoral
scholar.; Kaushik Parthasarathi, Ph.D. student; Herb Lipowsky; Melanie Williams, M.S.
student; Dan Oborin, M.S. student; Karen Trippet, Research Associate and keeper of the lab
and everything else; Aaron Mulivor, Ph.D. student. See partial list of Where Have They Gone?
Mission
The central focus of our laboratory is to apply engineering techniques and methods toward
gaining an understanding of mechanical factors that affect the distribution of pressure and
flow in the microcirculation in health and disease. The microcirculation is the business end
of the vascular system and with its 60,000 miles of capillaries in the human body is
responsible for the transport of nutrients and metabolites to the body's many tissues.
Perfusion of the microvascular network (comprised of the capillaries and associated small
vessels smaller than the thickness of a human hair) is strongly dependent upon the
mechanical properties of blood cells and the vessel wall. Our goal is to quantitatively
examine the structural features of blood cells and the microvessel wall at the cellular and
molecular level to describe microvascular function in the normal flow state as well as a
variety of pathological disorders, and thereby establish the basis for the design of new
therapeautic strategies to combat the disease process. Some of the pathological disorders
that are the subject of attention are those related to abnormalities in blood cell
properties (such as sickle cell disease), inflammation, shock and the low flow state. To
achieve these goals, studies are performed using the techniques of intravital microscopy to
study blood flow in the microcirculation of the living anesthetized animal (mainly rats). A
broad spectrum of electromechanical techniques are employed to measure intravascular
pressures and flows and imaging processing techniques are applied to video images to acquire
data which can then be integrated through the use of computer models to decipher the
mysteries of microvascular function.
What Do We Do?
To study the mechanics of microvascular perfusion we invesitgate the rheology of blood and
blood cell interction with the microvessel wall. Rheology, (from Greek rheo, flow) is the
study of the flow and deformation of materials. The general aim of rheological studies is to
characterize the intrinsic mechanical properties of a fluid or solid in terms of the
resistance it offers to deformation under a given load, or shear at a prescribed rate . The
viscous properties of blood in large bore tubes and viscometric instruments has provided a
foundation for understanding the rheology of blood in microvessels. With the assumption that
blood is a homogenous fluid with an intrinsic viscosity, these devices have revealed that
blood viscosity falls as shear rates rise (shear thinning) from on the order of 0.1 to 1000
sec-1, in contrast to the behavior of Newtonian fluid whose viscosity is invariant with
shear rate. At the microvascular level, the particulate nature of blood flow results in
large departures from Newtonian fluid behavior.
To determine the factors that affect the viscosity of blood in microvessels, we must
determine how red blood cells and white blood cells contribute to the resitance to flow in
small blood vessels.
Hematocrit
The prinicipal factor affecting the viscosity of blood is hematocrit.
Shown above is the distribution of red blood cells at three successive bifurcations in the
cremaster muscle of the mouse. The fraction of red cells present (hematocrit) and plasma
vary due to the skimming of plasma into the left branch of the arteriole. The hematocrit in
the capillary on the right is greatly reduced because the red cells speed up relative to the
plasma as they squeeze through the capillary. Since they must travel faster than the plasma,
there must be fewer of them present to maintain the same proportions of cells and plasma as
blood exits the capillary. This is the so-called Fahraeus Effect.
The volume fraction of red cells present in a microvessel is the microvessel hematocrit,
Hmicro. Microvessel hematocrit falls as blood courses its way from feeding arterioles to
capillaries, and then increases again in the postcapillary venules. Hmicro was measured by
photometric methods and normalized with respect to systemic hematocrit (Hsys) obtained in
the large blood vessels.
White Blood Cells
White blood cells (leukocytes) may also dramatically affect the resistance to flow. As blood
exits the capillaries, there is a phase separation of white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood
cells (RBCs).
As RBCs exit the capillaries, they push the WBCs toward the wall and enable then to roll
along the endothelium. Specific adhesion molecules on the surface of the endothelium and
WBCs enhance their adhesiveness and enable them to roll along the wall for considerable
distances.
During inflammation, the adhesiveness of the venule wall increases and WBC rolling is
increased leading to their subsequent firm adhesion. Shown above is the rapid increase in
WBC rolling and adhesion in response to the peptide fMLP that mimics inflammatory products
released within the tissue.
WBC Effect on Hemodynamic Resistance
As the number of WBCs adhering to the walls of venules increases, the resistance to flow
increases dramatically. As few as 10 WBCs adhering per 100 microns of venule length can
result in a two-fold increase in hemodynamic resistance.
Shear Rate
As pressure gradients are reduced, as for example with onset of a low flow state such as
shock, flow slows down.
With reductions in upstream to downstream pressure drop flow falls
in a nonlinear manner. At very low pressure gradients, flow stops completely. The apparent
viscosity of the blood rises as mean velocity falls (lower panel). As shear rates are
reduces, the number of WBCs adhering to the walls of postcapillary venules increases
greatly. Shown above is the number of WBCs that are firmly adhered to the endothelium of
postcapillary venules as flow is mechanically reduced by compressing the feeding vessel
upstream and the endothelium is made "sticky" with fMLP..
Red Cell Aggregation
As shear rates are reduced, red cell aggregate and tend to obstruct the capillary entrance.
With weak aggregation, red cells form rouleaux, which look like stacks of coins. As the
strength of aggregation is increased, red cell clumps are formed which are more difficult to
disrupt at the entrance to capillaries.
Red cell rouleaux are formed as shear rates are reduced and RBCs aggregate. They become
jammed at the capillary entrance slowly break apart with time. With increased strength of
aggregation, clumps of RBCs are formed which lodge at the capillary entrance. They are more
difficult to remove and may block the capillary permanently.
Blood Cell Deformability
An important determinant of the resistance to blood flow is blood cell deformability. Many
diseases result in abnormal blood cell properties, such as sickle cell disease. Stiffer than
normal cells may become trapped at the entrance to capillaries and obstruct flow, thereby
reducing delivery of oxygen to tissue.
Cell deformability determines which capillaries will be perfused. Smaller diameter
capillaries require greater deformations of red cells and white cells in order for them to
enter a capillary. A bolus of fluorescently labeled plasma (A) easily passes through all
capillaries in the cremaster muscle capillary network. In contrast, fluorescently labeled
RBCs (B) are confined to the central portion of the network. The much sitffer leukocytes (C)
travel from arteriole to venule through larger diameter vessels that comprise thoroughfare
channels that run through the central portions of the capillary bed where the pressure
gradients from arteriole to venule are the largest.
This article comes from:
http://www.bioe.psu.edu/labs/microcirc.html
ARTICLE FIVE
The microcirculation is a term used to describe the small vessels in the vasculature which
are embedded within organs and are responsible for the distribution of blood within tissues;
as opposed to larger vessels in the macrocirculation which transport blood to and from the
organs. The vessels on the arterial side of the microcirculation are called the arterioles,
which are well innervated, are surrounded by smooth muscle cells, and are 10-100 μm in
diameter. Arterioles carry the blood to the capillaries, which are not innervated, have no
smooth muscle, and are about 5-8 μm in diameter. Blood flows out of the capillaries into
the venules, which have little smooth muscle and are 10-200 μm. The blood flows from
venules into the veins. In addition to these blood vessels, the microcirculation also
includes lymphatic capillaries and collecting ducts. The main functions of the
microcirculation include the regulation of 1. blood flow and tissue perfusion 2. blood
pressure, 3. tissue fluid (swelling or edema), 4. delivery of oxygen and other nutrients and
removal of CO2 and other metabolic waste products, and 5. body temperature. The
microcirculation also has an important role in inflammation.
Most vessels of the microcirculation are lined by flattened cells, the endothelium and many
are surrounded by contractile cells the smooth muscle or pericytes. The endothelium provides
a smooth surface for the flow of blood and regulates the movement of water and dissolved
materials in the plasma between the blood and the tissues. The endothelium also produce
molecules that discourage the blood from clotting unless there is a leak. The smooth muscle
cells can contract and decrease the size of the arterioles and thereby regulate blood flow
and blood pressure.
Contents [hide]
1 Flow
2 Capillary Exchange of Water
3 Capillary Exchange of Solutes, e.g. glucose
4 See also
5 External links
Flow
Flow is determined by the diameter and the length of the vessels of the microcirculation.
The Hagen–Poiseuille equation predicts the flow of blood through the vessels.
Capillary Exchange of Water
Main article: Starling equation
The Starling equation is an equation that describes the roles of hydrostatic and oncotic
forces (the so-called Starling forces) in the movement of fluid across capillary
endothelium.
Capillary Exchange of Solutes, e.g. glucose
Small solutes move across the endothelium by passing through the spaces formed by the tight
junctions formed where the edges of adjacent endothelial cells abut.
See also
Fahraeus–Lindquist effect
Microcirculatory Society, Inc.
External links
Microcirculation at eMedicine Dictionary
This medical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v ? d ? e
Microcirculatory Society, Inc.
Microcirculation, The Official Journal of the Microcirculatory Society, Inc.
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微循环显微镜 各国语言：
(越南) Microcirculation Microscope
(印尼文) Mikrosirkulasi Microscope
(意第绪语) מיקראָסירקולאַטיאָן מייקראַסקאָופּ
(意大利语) Microcircolazione Microscopio
(匈牙利语) Mikrokeringést Mikroszkóp
(希腊语) Μικροκυκλοφορία Μικροσκόπιο
(西班牙语) Microcirculación Microscopio
(乌克兰文) Мікроциркуляції мікроскоп
(土耳其文) Mikro Mikroskop
(泰文) กล้องจุลทรรศน์ Microcirculation
(斯瓦西里语) Microcirculation Hadubini
(斯洛文尼亚语) Mikrocirkulacijo Mikroskop
(斯洛伐克文) Mikrocirkulácie mikroskopy
(塞尔维亚文) Микроциркулацију Микроскоп
(瑞典语) Mikrocirkulation Microscope
(日语) 微小顕微鏡
(葡萄牙语) Microcirculação Microscópio
(挪威语) Mikrosirkulasjon Microscope
(马其顿语) Microcirculation микроскоп
(马来语) Mikrosirkulasi Microscopes
(罗马尼亚语) Microcirculaţiei Mocroscoape
(立陶宛语) Mikrocirkuliaciją Mikroskopas
(拉脱维亚文) Mikrocirkulāciju Microscope
(克罗地亚文) Mikrocirkulaciju Mikroskop
(捷克语) Mikrocirkulace mikroskopy
(加泰罗尼亚语) Microcirculació Microscopi
(加利西亚语) Microcirculação Microscopio
(爱尔兰) Microcirculation micreascóp
(芬兰语) Mikroverenkiertoa Microscope
(菲律宾文) Microcirculation mikroskopyo
(法语) Microcirculation Microscope
(俄语) Микроциркуляции микроскоп
(德语) Mikrozirkulation Mikroskop
(丹麦语) Mikrocirkulationen Microscope
(朝鲜语) Microcirculation 현미경
(波兰语) Mikrokrążenie Mikroskopy
(保加利亚文) Микроциркулацията микроскоп
(爱沙尼亚语) Microcirculation Mikroskoop
(阿尔巴尼亚文) Microcirculation Mikroskopi
Microcirculation Microscope in various languages：
(Vietnamese) Microcirculation Microscope
(Yiddish) מיקראָסירקולאַטיאָן מייקראַסקאָופּ
(Indonesian) Mikrosirkulasi Microscope
(Italian) Microcircolazione Microscopio
(Hungarian) Mikrokeringést Mikroszkóp
(Greek) Μικροκυκλοφορία Μικροσκόπιο
(Spanish) Microcirculación Microscopio
(Ukrainian) Мікроциркуляції мікроскоп
(Turkish) Mikro Mikroskop
(Thai) กล้องจุลทรรศน์ Microcirculation
(Slovak) Mikrocirkulácie mikroskopy
(Serbian) Микроциркулацију Микроскоп
(Swedish) Mikrocirkulation Microscope
(Macedonian) Microcirculação Microscópio
(Portuguese) Mikrosirkulasjon Microscope
(Norwegian) Microcirculation микроскоп
(Malay) Mikrosirkulasi Microscopes
(Romanian) Microcirculaţiei Mocroscoape
(Lithuanian) Mikrocirkuliaciją Mikroskopas
(Latvian) Mikrocirkulāciju Microscope
(Galician) Microcirculação Microscopio
(Croatian) Mikrocirkulaciju Mikroskop
(Catalan) Microcirculació Microscopi
(Czech) Mikrocirkulace mikroskopy
(Finnish) Mikroverenkiertoa Microscope
(Filipino) Microcirculation mikroskopyo
(Russian) Микроциркуляции микроскоп
(German) Mikrozirkulation Mikroskop
(Danish) Mikrocirkulationen Microscope
(Korean) Microcirculation 현미경
(Polish) Mikrokrążenie Mikroskopy
(Bulgarian) Микроциркулацията микроскоп
(Estonian) Microcirculation Mikroskoop
(Belarusian) Microcirculation Mikroskoop
(Albanian) Microcirculation Mikroskopi
微循环 各国语言：
(印尼文) Mikrosirkulasi
(意第绪语) מיקראָסירקולאַטיאָן
(意大利语) Microcircolazione
(匈牙利语) Mikrokeringést
(希腊语) Μικροκυκλοφορία
(西班牙语) Microcirculación
(乌克兰文) Мікроциркуляція
(土耳其文) Mikro
(泰文) Microcirculation
(斯洛文尼亚语) Mikrocirkulacijo
(斯洛伐克文) Mikrocirkulácie
(塞尔维亚文) Микроциркулацију
(瑞典语) Mikrocirkulation
(葡萄牙语) Microcirculação
(挪威语) Mikrosirkulasjon
(马来语) Mikrosirkulasi
(罗马尼亚语) Microcirculaţiei
(立陶宛语) Mikrocirkuliaciją
(拉脱维亚语) Mikrocirkulāciju
(克罗地亚文) Mikrocirkulaciju
(捷克语) Mikrocirkulace
(加泰罗尼亚语) Microcirculació
(加利西亚语) Microcirculação
(荷兰语) Microcirculatie
(芬兰语) Mikroverenkiertoa
(菲律宾文) Microcirculation
(法语) Microcirculation
(俄语) Микроциркуляция
(德语) Mikrozirkulation
(丹麦语) Mikrocirkulationen
(波兰语) Mikrokrążenie
(保加利亚文) Микроциркулацията
(白俄罗斯语) Микроциркуляция
(爱沙尼亚语) Mikrovaskulaarne ringlusse
(阿拉伯文) تداول الاوعية الدموية الدقيقة
(阿尔巴尼亚文) Qarkullim Microvascular
Microcirculation in various languages：
(Indonesian) Mikrosirkulasi
(Italian) Microcircolazione
(Hungarian) Mikrokeringést
(Greek) Μικροκυκλοφορία
(Spanish) Microcirculación
(Ukrainian) Мікроциркуляція
(Turkish) Mikro
(Thai) Microcirculation
(Slovak) Mikrocirkulácie
(Slovenian) Mikrocirkulacijo
(Serbian) Микроциркулацију
(Swedish) Mikrocirkulation
(Portuguese) Microcirculação
(Norwegian) Mikrosirkulasjon
(Malay) Mikrosirkulasi
(Romanian) Microcirculaţiei
(Lithuanian) Mikrocirkuliaciją
(Latvian) Mikrocirkulāciju
(Galician) Microcirculação
(Croatian) Mikrocirkulaciju
(Czech) Mikrocirkulace
(Dutch) Microcirculatie
(Catalan) Microcirculació
(Finnish) Mikroverenkiertoa
(Filipino) Microcirculation
(French) Microcirculation
(Russian) Микроциркуляция
(German) Mikrozirkulation
(Danish) Mikrocirkulationen
(Polish) Mikrokrążenie
(Bulgarian) Микроциркулацията
(Estonian) Mikrovaskulaarne ringlusse
(Belarusian) Микроциркуляция
(Arabic) تداول الاوعية الدموية الدقيقة
(Albanian) Qarkullim Microvascular
(Yiddish) מיקראָסירקולאַטיאָן
